FILE: <bc-34.ref.htm> Pooled References GENERAL INDEX [Navigate to MAIN MENU ]

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN FORESTS

(References)

(Contacts)

REFERENCES (to BC-34.TXT>, Biological Control in Forests):

[Additional references may be found at MELVYL Library

Adlung, K. G. 1966. A critical evaluation of the European research on the use of red wood ants (Formica rufa- group) for the protection of forests against harmful insects. Z. angew. Ent. 57: 167-89. [in German].

Adroi…, M. 1967. Application of a new strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in the control of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). Zast. Bilja 18: 343-48.

Altenkirch, W. 1968. Vogelschutz und Eichenwickler (Tortrix viridana L.) Synökologische Untersuchungen der Kronenfaune eines Eichen-Hainbuchenwaldes. Z. angew. Zool. 55: 1-69.

Amman, G. D. & C. F. Speers. 1971. Introduction and evaluation of predators from India and Pakistan for control of the balsam woolly aphid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in North Carolina. Canad. Ent. 103: 528-33.

Arthur, A. P. 1958. Development, behaviour, and descriptions of immature stages of Spilochalcis side (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Canad. Ent. 90: 569-632.

Arthur, A. P. 1961. The cleptoparasitic habits and immature stages of Eurytoma pini Bugbee (Hymenoptera: Chalcidae), a parasite of the European shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Canad. Ent. 93: 655-60.

Arthur, A. P. 1962. Influence of host tree on abundance of Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a polyphagous parasite of European pine shoot moth, Ryacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Oleuthreutidae). Canad. Ent. 94: 337-47.

Arthur, A. P. 1963. Life histories and immature stages of four ichneumonid parasites of the European pine shoot moth Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) in Ontario. Canad. Ent. 95: 1078-91.

Arthur, A. P. 1965. Absence of preimaginal conditioning in Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Canad. Ent. 97: 1000-01.

Arthur, A. P. 1966. Associative learning in Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Canad. Ent. 98: 213-23.

Arthur, A. P. 1967. Influence of position and size of host shelter on host-searching by Itoplectis conquisitor (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Canad. Ent. 99: 877-86.

Arthur, A. P. 1971. Associate learning by Nemeritis canescens. Canad. Ent. 103: 1137-41.

Arthur, A. P. 1981. Host acceptance by parasitoids, p. 97-120. In: D. A. Nordlund, R. L. Jones & W. J. Lewis (eds), Semiochemicals: Their Role in Pest Control. John Wiley, New York.

Arthur, A. P. & H. C. Coppel. 1953. Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Chem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). I. Sarcophaga aldrichi Park. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Canad. J. Zool. 31: 374-91.

Arthur, A. P. & J. A. Juillet. 1961. The introduced parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), with a critical evaluation of their usefulness as control agents. Canad. Ent. 93: 297-312.

Arthur, A. P. & H. G. Wylie. 1959. Effects of host size on sex ratio, development time and size of Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Entomophaga 4: 297-301.

Arthur, A. P., J. E. R. Stainer & A. L. Turnbull. 1964. The intraction between Orgilus obscurator (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Temelucha interruptor (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), parasites of the pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Canad. Ent. 96: 1030-34.

Arthur, A. P., B. M. Hedgekak & L. Rollins. 1969. Component of the host haemolymph that induces oviposition in a parasitic insect. Nature (London) 223: 966-7.

Arthur, A. P., J. E. R. Steiner & A. L. Turnbull. 1964. The interaction between Orgilus obscurator (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Temelucha interruptor (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), parasites of the pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Canad. Ent. 96: 1030-34.

Arthur, A. P., W. W. Batsch & L. Rollins. 1969. Component of the host haemolymph that induces oviposition in a parasitic insect. Nature 223: 966-67.

Arthur, A. P., B. M. Hegdekar & W. W. Batsch. 1973. A chemically defined, synthetic medium that induces oviposition in the parasite Itoplectis conquisitor (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Canad. Ent. 105: 787-93. [? Canad. Ent. 104: 1251-58 (1972)].

Askari, A. & H. C. Coppel. 1976. A preliminary list of the parasitoids of the European fruit lecanium, Lecanium corni Bouche (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on prickly-ash in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 197. 5 p.

Askari, A. & H. C. Coppel. 1977. Adult biology and effect of different food sources on longevity and fecundity of the gypsy moth parasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 207. 6 p.

Askari, A. & H. C. Coppel. 1978. Observations on courtship and mating behavior of Meteorus pulchricornis a gypsy moth parasitoid. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 71: 364-6.

Askari, A., J. W. Mertins & H. C. Coppel. 1977. Developmental biology and immature stages of Meteorus pulchricornis in the laboratory. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 70: 655-69.

Bedard, W. D. 1933. Unpublished report in files of the Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA, Forest Service, Berkeley. 4 p.

Baker, W. L. 1972. Eastern Forest Insects. U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest. Serv. Misc. Publ. 1175. 642 p.

Baldwin, W. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1947. Observations on the emergence of Phorocera hamata A. & W. (Tachinidae) from sawfly cocoons. Canad. Ent. 79: 221-23.

Baldwin, W. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1949. The biology of Phorocera hamata A. & W., a tachinid parasite of sawflies. Canad. Ent. 81: 237-45.

Bedding, R. A. 1967. Parasitic and free-living cycles in entomogenous nematodes of the genus Deladenus. Nature 214: 174-75.

Bedding, R. A. 1972. Biology of Deladenus siricidicola (Neotylenchidae) an entomophagous-mycetophagous nematode parasitic in siricid woodwasps. Nematologica 18: 482-93.

Bedding, R. A. & R. J. Akhurst. 1974. Use of the nematode Deladenus siricidicola in the biological control of Sirex noctilio in Australia. J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 13: 129-35.

Beeson, C. F. C. 1941. The Ecology and Control of the Forest Insects of India and the Neighbouring Countries. Forest Res. Inst. & Coll., Dehra Dun. 767 p. (reprinted in 1961).

Béique, R. 1960. The importance of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) in Quebec City and vicinity. Canad. Ent. 92: 858-62.

Beirne, B. P. 1973. Influences on the development and evolution of biological control in Canada. Bull. Ent. Soc. Canad. 5: 85-89.

Benz, G. 1971. Synergism of micro-organisms and chemical insecticides, p. 327-55. In: H. D. Burges & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York.

Berisford, C. W. 1987. Biological control of Ips grandicollis (Eichoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Australia. Proc. Symp. on Potential for Biological control of Dendroctonus and Ips Bark Beetles. Ann. Meeting Ent. Soc. Amer., 9 Dec 1986, Reno, Nevada.

Berlepsch, H. V. 1929. Der gesamte Vogelschutz, 12th ed. Neumann, Neudamm.

Bellows, T. S., Jr. & T. W. Fisher, (eds) 1999. Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 1046 p.

Berry, P. A. 1938. Tetrastichus brevistigma Gahan, a pupal parasite of the elm leaf beetle. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 485. 11 p.

Berryman, A. A. 1967. Preservation and augmentation of

insect predators of the western pine beetle. J. Forestry 65: 260-62.

Bess, H. A. 1961. Population ecology of the gypsy moth Porthetria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantridae). Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 646. 43 p.

Bird, F. T. 1971. Chapter 41. Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), red-headed pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), p. 148-150. In: Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1959-1968. Commonwealth Inst. of Biol. Control, Tech. Comm. No. 4. 266 p.

Bird, F. T. & J. M. Burk. 1961. Artificially disseminated virus as a factor controlling the European spruce sawfly, Diprion herycinae (Htg.), in the absence of introduced parasites. Canad. Ent. 92: 228-38.

Bird, F. T. & D. E. Elgee. 1957. A virus disease and introduced parasites as factors controlling the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyinae (Htg.) in central New

Brunswick. Canad. Ent. 89: 371-78.

Borden, J. H. 1982. Aggregation pheromones, p. 74-139. In: J. B. Mitton & K. B. Sturgeon (eds.), Bark Beetles in North American Conifers: A System for the Study of Evolutionary Biology. Univ of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. 527 p.

Borden, J. H. 1985. Aggregation pheromones, p. 257-85. In: G. A. Kerkut (ed.), Vol. 9, Behavior, 735 p. In: G. A. Kerkut & L. I. Gilbert (eds.), Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.

Bösenberg, K. 1970. The importance of birds in biological control, especially in the forest. Tagunsber. deut. Akad. Landwirtschaftwiss, Berlin 110: 71-82. [in German].

Boush, G. M. & H. C. Coppel. 1974. Symbiology: mutualism between arthropods and microorganisms. Chap. 6. p. 301-26.

Brewer, M. & D. Varas. 1971. Cría masiva de Parasierola nigrifemur (Ash.), (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Rev. Peruana Ent. 14: 352-61.

Breznak, J. A., J. W. Mertins & H. C. Coppel. 1974. Nitrogen fixation and methane production in a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocerus punctulatus Scudder (Orthoptera: Blattidae). Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 184. 2 p.

Brown, G. S. 1968. The gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar L., a threat to Ontario horticulture and forestry. Proc. Ent. Soc. Ont. 98: 12-15.

Bruns, M. 1960. The economic importance of birds in forests. Bird Study 7: 193-208.

Buckner, C. M. 1971. Vertebrate predators. USDA, Forest Service, Res. Paper NE-194: 21-31.

Burges, H. D. & N. W. Hussey (eds.). 1971. Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York. 861 p.

Burgess, A. F. 1921. The satin moth: an introduced enemy of poplars and willows. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 167: 16 p.

Burgess, A. F. & S. S. Crossman. 1927. The satin moth a recently introduced pest. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 1469. 23 p.

Burgess, A. F. & S. S. Crossman. 1929. Imported insect enemies of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 86. 147 p.

Burzynski, J. 1970. Biologische Bekämpfungs--Methoden von Forstschädlingen. Tagungsber. deut. Akad. Landwirtschaftwiss. Berlin 100: 37-42.

Bustillo, A. E. & A. T. Drooz. 1977. Comparative establishment of a Virginia (USA) strain of Telenomus alsophilae on Oxydia trychiata in Colombia. J. Econ. Ent. 70: 767-70.

Butcher, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1960. Insects of forest, nursery, ornamentals and turf. Proc. North Cent. Br. Ent. Soc. Amer. 15 14-15.

Campbell, R. W. 1963. The role of diseases and desiccation in the population dynamics of the gypsy moth Porthetria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Canad. Ent. 95: 426-34.

Campbell, R. W. 1967. The analysis of numerical change in gypsy moth populations. Forest. Sci. Monogr. 15. 33 p.

Campbell, R. W. & J. D. Podgwaite. 1971. The disease complex of the gypsy moth. I. Major components. J. Inverteb. Path. 18: 101-07.

Cankov, G. 1964. The use of certain entomophagous insects in the biological control of the European pine shoot moth. Gorskostop. Nauka 4: 61-70.

„apek, M. 1971. Results of experiments with the introduction of egg parasites of Lymantria dispar into Slovakia. Les. Casop. 17: 127-37.

Carl, K. P. 1982. Biological control of native pests by introduced natural enemies. Biocontrol News & Information 3: 192-200.

Casida, J. E., H. C. Coppel & T. Watanabe. 1963. Purification and potency of the sex attractant from the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis. J. Econ. Ent. 56: 18-24.

Ceballos, G. & E. Zarko. 1952. The biological control of an outbreak of Diprion pini (L.) on Pinus silvestris in the Sierra de Albarracin. Madrid. Inst. Exp. Ent. p. 1-38.

Clair, D. J., D. L. Dahlsten & S. H. Dreistadt. 1987. Biological control of the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola, in California--A case study. Proc. 6th Intern. Sci. Conf. Internatl. Fed. Organic Agric. Movements, Santa Cruz, Calif. 18-21 Aug., 1985.

Clark, R. C., D. O. Greenbank, D. G. Bryant & J. W. E. Harris. 1972 (71?). Chapter 36. Adelges piceae (Ratz.), balsam woolly aphid (Homoptera: Adelgidae), p. 113-27. In: Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1959-1968. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Comm. No. 4. 266 p.

Clausen, C. P. 1956. Biological control of insect pests in the continental United States. USDA Tech. Bull. No. 1139. 151 p.

Clausen, C. P. (ed.). 1978. Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. USDA, ARS, Agric. Handbook No. 480, 545 p.

Coppel, H. C. 1946. The collection of spruce budworm parasites in British Columbia with notes on their overwintering habits. Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. p. 38-40.

Coppel, H. C. 1947. The collection of spruce budworm parasites in British Columbia with notes on their overwintering habits. Ent. Soc. Ontario 77th Ann. Rept. (1946): 38-40.

Coppel, H. C. 1951. Effects of super,- multi,- and hyper-parasitism on the abundance of Phytodietus fumiferanae Rohw. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a primary parasite of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). 33rd Rept. Que. Soc., Canada. 5 p.

Coppel, H. C. 1952. Effects of super, -multi, and hyper- parasitism on the abundance of Phytodietus fumiferanae Rohw. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a primary parasite of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Rep. Quebec Soc. Protect. Plants 32-33: 189-93.

Coppel, H. C. 1954a. Notes on the parasites of Neodiprion manulus Schedl (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Canad. Ent. 86: 167-68.

Coppel, H. C. 1958. Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). VI. Phorocera incrassata Smith (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canad. J. Zool. 36: 453-62.

Coppel, H. C. & A. P. Arthur. 1953. Notes on the introduced parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Ontario. Ent. Soc. Ontario 84th Ann. Rept. (1953): 55-8.

Coppel, H. C. & D. M. Benjamin. 1965. Bionomics of the Nearctic pine-feeding diprionids. Annu. Rev. Ent. 10: 69-96.

Coppel, H. C. & H. House. 1947. A description of cages used for the large-scale breeding of Sturmia sp., a tachinid parasite of sawflies. Canad. Ent. 79: 74-80.

Coppel, H. C. & P. A. Jones. 1962. Bionomics of Podisus spp. associated with the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.), in Wisconsin. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 51: 31-56.

Coppel, H. C. & K. Leius. 1955a. History of the larch sawfly, with notes on origin and biology. Canad. Ent. 87: 103-11.

Coppel, H. C. 1955b. The role of parasitoids and predators in the control of the spruce budworm (Archips fumiferana Clem.) in British Columbia. Grad. Thesis Publ. St. Univ. N.Y. Coll. Forest. 86 p.

Coppel, H. C. 1958. Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canad. J. Zool. 36: 453-62.

Coppel, H. C. 1959. A sex anomaly of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Ent. News 70(8): 1 p.

Coppel, H. C. 1960a. Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 53: 94-7.

Coppel, H. C. 1960b. Empty cocoons of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis, as habitat niches for arthropods. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 53: 847-8.

Coppel, H. C. 1961a. Special Report No. 2, Biological Control. State of Wisconsin Governor's Spec. Comm. on Chem. & Health Hazards. 4 p.

Coppel, H. C. 1961b. An unusual habitat niche for Ancistrocerus tigris tigris (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Ent. News 72(9): 246-8.

Coppel, H. C. 1961c. Recent advances in the biological control of insect pests of pine in Wisconsin. W.C.T.P.A. Bull. Vol. 28. 3 p.

Coppel, H. C. 1962a. Current studies on the biological control of insect pests of Wisconsin pine. Amer. Christmas Tree Grow. J. 6(3): 19-20.

Coppel, H. C. 1962b. The introduced pine sawfly in Wisconsin. For. Pest. Leaf. Wis. Conf. Dept. No. 4. 3 p.

Coppel, H. C. 1967. Non-pesticide approaches to pest suppression, p. 35-7. In: C.N.R.A. of Wis., Spec. Rept.

Coppel, H. C. 1985. Biological and natural control of forest insects, an update. _______, p. 97-104.

Coppel, H. C. 1986a. Environmental management for furthering entomophagous arthropods. Biol. Plant & Health Prot. Rept. p. 57-73.

Coppel, H. C. 1986. Hymenopterous parasitoids of Acrobasis rubrifasciella Packard (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) in Wisconsin. Wis. For. Res. Notes, No. 268. 5 p.

Coppel, H. C. & D. M. Benjamin. 1965. Bionomics of the nearctic pine-feeding diprionids. Ann. Rev. Ent. 10: 69-96.

Coppel, H. C. & P. A. Jones. 1961. Pentatomid predators of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.) in Wisconsin. Proc. North Cent. Br. Ent. Soc. Amer. 16: 84-5.

Coppel, H. C. & P. A. Jones. 1962. Bionomics of Podisus spp. associated with the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (HTG), in Wisconsin. Wis. Acad. Sci., Arts & Lett. 51: 31-56.

Coppel, H. C. & P. A. Jones. 1964. A note on Hemyda aurata R.D. (Diptera: Tachinidae), a parasite of Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Ent. News 75(7): 191-4.

Coppel, H. C. & K. Leius. 1956. Morphological variations in populations of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), from Canada, Great Britain and Japan. 10th Internatl. Cong. Ent. 1: 231-8.

Coppel, H. C. & K. Leius. 1958. Morphological variations in populations of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), from Canada, Great Britain and Japan. Proc. 10th Internatl. Congr. Ent. (1956) 1: 231-38.

Coppel, H. C. & M. G. Maw. 1954a. Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) III. Ceromasia auricaudata Tns. Canad. J. Zool. 32: 144-56.

Coppel, H. C. & M. G. Maw. 1954b. Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canad. J. Zool. 32: 314-23.

Coppel, H. C. & J. W. Mertins. 1977a. Biological insect pest suppression. Advanced Ser. Agr. Sci.

Coppel, H. C. & J. W. Mertins. 1977b. Biological Insect Pest Suppression. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 314 p.

Coppel, H. C. & D. M. Norris, Jr. 1960. Systemic insecticides for control of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis, with notes on parasite survival. J. Econ. Ent. 53: 648-50.

Coppel, H. C. & D. M. Norris, Jr. 1961. Systemic insecticidal action of certain phosphates in Pinus strobus against Diprion similis. J. Econ. Ent. 54: 1061-62.

Coppel, H. C. & D. M. Norris, Jr. 1966. Bark penetration and uptake of systemic insecticides from several treatment formulations in white pines. J. Econ. Ent. 59: 928-31.

Coppel, H. C. & D. M. Norris, Jr. 1986. The effectiveness and persistence of several systemic insecticides against the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.) on white pine in Wisconsin. Wis. For. Res. Notes, No. 267. 4 p.

Coppel, H. C. & R. D. Shenefelt. 1960. Parasites introduced to help control the European larch casebearer-- a progress report. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes, No. 53. 3 p.

Coppel, H. C. & N. F. Sloan. 1970. Avian predation, an important adjunct in the suppression of larch casebearer and introduced pine sawfly populations in Wisconsin forests. Proc. Tall Timbers Conf. Ecol. Anim. Contr. Habitat Managem. 2: 259-72.

Coppel, H. C. & B. C. Smith. 1957. Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). V. Omotoma fumiferanae (Tot.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canad. J. Zool. 35: 581-92.

Coppel, H. C. & R. V. Smythe. 1963. Occurrence of spiders on eastern white pine trees infested with the introduced pine sawfly Diprion similis (Htg.). Univ. Wisc. Forestry Res. Notes 102. p. 1-7.

Coppel, H. C., H. L. House & M. G. Maw. 1959. Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). VII. Agria affinis (Fall.) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Canad. J. Zool. 37: 817-30.

Coppel, H. C., J. E. Casida, & W. C. Dauterman. 1960. Evidence for a potent sex attractant in the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 53: 510-12.

Coppel, H. C., J. W. Mertins & J. W. E. Harris. 1974. The introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). A review with emphasis on studies in Wisconsin. Univ. Wisc. Coll. Agr. Life Sci. Res. Bull. R2393. 74 p.

Coppel, H. C., R. K. Chapman & F. P. Neupane. 1985. Monitoring the maize borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in Nepal through light trap and life table studies. Nepal. J. Agr. 16: 85-92.

Cosenza, B. J. & F. B. Lewis. 1966. Taxonomic considerations of four "wild"-type crystalliferous bacilli and their toxicity to larvae of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar. J. Invertebr. Path. 8: 520-25.

Coulson, J. R., R. W. Fenster, P. W. Schaefer, L. R. Ertle, J. S. Kelleher, & L. D. Rhoads. 1986. Exploration for and importation of natural enemies of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in North America: an update. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 88: 461-75.

Criddle, N. 1928. The introduction and establishment of the larch sawfly parasite, Mesoleius tenthredinus Morley, into southern Manitoba. Canad. Ent. 60: 51-53.

Cunningham, J. C. 1982. Field trials with baculoviruses: control of forest insect pests, p. 335-386. In: E. Kurstak (ed.), "Microbial and Viral Pesticides. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 720 p.

Cunningham, J. C. & P. DeGroot. 1982. Chapter 57. Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), redheaded pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), p. 323-29. In: J. S. Kelleher & M. A. Hulme (eds.), "Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1969-80. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, London, England. 410 p.

Cunningham, J. C. & P. F. Entwistle. 1982. Control of sawflies by baculoviruses, p. 379-407. In: H. D. Burges (ed.), Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 1970-1980. Academic Press, New York. 944 p.

Dahlsten, D. L. 1976. The third forest. Environment 18: 35-42.

Dahlsten, D. L. 1983. Pesticides in an era of integrated pest management. Environment 25: 45-54.

Dahlsten, D. L. & W. A. Copper. 1979. The use of nesting boxes to study the biology of the mountain chickadee (Parus gambeli) and its impact on selected forest insects, p. 217-60. In: J. G. Dickson, R. N. Conner, R. R. Fleet, J. C. Kroll & J. A. Jackson (eds.) The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems. Academic Press, New York. 381 p.

Dahlsten, D. L. & M. C. Whitmore. 1987. The case for and against the biological control of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Proc. Symp. on Potential for Biological Control of Dendroctonus and Ips Bark Beetles, Ann. Meeting Ent. Soc. Amer., 9 Dec, 1986, Reno, Nevada.

Dahlsten, D. L. & N. J. Mills. 1999. Biological Control of Forest Insects. In Bellows, T. S., Jr. & T. W. Fisher, (eds) 1999. Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

Dahlsten, D. L., R. Garcia, J. E. Prine & R. Hunt. 1969. Insect problems in forest recreation areas. Calif. Agr. 23(7): 4-6.

Davidson, A. G. & R. M. Prentice (eds.) 1967. Important Forest Insects and Diseases of Mutual Concern to Canada, the United States and Mexico. Canad. Dept. Forestry & Rural Development, Ottawa.

DeBach, P. (ed.). 1964a. Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, England. 844 p.

DeBach, P. 1964b. Successes, trends and future possibilities, p. 673-713. In: P. DeBach (ed.), Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, England. 844 p.

DeBach, P. 1964c. The scope of biological control, p. 3-20. In: P. DeBach (ed.), Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, England. 844 p.

DeBach, P. & K. S. Hagen. 1964. Manipulation of entomophagous species. p. 429-50. In: P. DeBach (ed.), Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, England. 844 p.

DeLeon, D. 1935. The biology of Coeloides dendroctoni Cushman (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) an important parasite of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk.). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 28: 411-24.

Delucchi, V. L. 1958. Lithocolletis messaniella Zeller (Lep. Gracilariidae): analysis of some mortality factors with particular reference to its parasite complex. Entomophaga 3: 203-70.

Denton, R. E. 1958. The larch casebearer in Idaho--a new defoliator for western forests. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Res. Note 51: 6 p.

Doane, C. C. 1966. Field tests with newer materials against the gypsy moth. J. Econ. Ent. 59: 618-20.

Doane, C. C. & M. L. McManus. 1961. The gypsy moth: research toward integrated pest management. USDA Forest Service Tech. Bull. 1584. 757 p.

Dowden, P. B. 1941. Parasites of the birch leaf-mining sawfly (Phyllotoma nemorata). U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 757. 56 p.

Dowden, P. B. 1946. Parasitization of the oriental moth [Cnidocampa flavescens (Walk.)] by Chaetexorista javana B. & B. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 39: 225-41.

Dowden, P. B. 1961. The persistence of gypsy moth parasites in heavily sprayed areas on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. J. Econ. Ent. 54: 873-75.

Dowden, P. B. 1962. Parasites and predators of forest insects liberated in the United States through 1960. USDA, Forest Service, Agric. Handbook No. 226, 70 pp.

Drooz, A. T., A. E. Bustillo, G. F. Fedde and V. H. Fedde. 1977. North American egg parasite successfully controls a different host genus in South America. Science 197: 390-91.

Drooz, A. T., C. A. Doggett & H. C. Coppel. 1979. The introduced pine sawfly, a defoliator of white pine new to North Carolina. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SE-273. 4 p.

Drooz, A. T., J. W. Quimby, L. C. Thompson & H. M. Kulman. 1985. Introduction and establishment of Olesicampe benefactor Hinz (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasite of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Pennsylvania. Environ. Ent. 14: 420-23.

Dubois, N. R. 1985a. Recent field studies on the use of Bacillus thuringiensis to control the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). Proc. Symposium Microbial Control of Spruce Budworms and Gypsy Moths. USDA For. Serv. GTR-NE-100. p. 83-85.

Dubois, N. R. 1985b. Selection of new more potent strains of Bacillus thuringiensis for use against gypsy moth and spruce budworm. Proc. Symposium Microbial Control of Spruce Budworms and Gypsy Moths, USDA For. Serv. GTR-NE-100. p. 99-102.

Duda, E. J. 1962. An observation on the behavior of linden looper larvae following treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Sci. Tree Top 2: 14.

Eichhorn, O. 1964. Die höhen- und waldtypenmässige Verbreitung der nützlichen Waldameisen in den Ostalpen. Waldhygiene 5: 129-35.

Eichhorn, O. 1969. Naturliche Verbreitungsareale und Einschleppungsgebiete der Weissenannen-Wollause (Gattung Drefusia) und die Möglichkeiten ihrer biologischen Bekämpfung. Z. angew. Ent. 63: 113-31.

Embree, D. G. 1965. The population dynamics of the winter moth in Nova Scotia: 1954-62. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canad. No. 46. 57 p.

Embree, D. G. 1966. The role of introduced parasites in the control of the winter moth in Nova Scotia. Canad. Ent. 98: 1159-68.

Embree, D. G. 1971a. Operophtera brumata (L.), winter moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 4: 167-75.

Embree, D. G. 1971b. The biological control of winter moth in Canada by introduced parasites. p. 217-26. In: C. B. Huffaker (ed.), Biological Control. Plenum Press, New York. 511 p.

Embree, D. G. & G. R. Underwood. 1972. Establishment in Maine, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick of Olesicampe benefactor (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an introduced ichneumonid parasite of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Canad. Ent. 104: 89-96.

Embree, D. G. & B. A. Pendrel. 1986. Biological control revisited. Bull. Ent. Soc. Canad. 18: 24-28.

Entwistle, P. F. 1976. The development of an epizootic of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus disease in European spruce sawfly, Gilpinia hercyinae. Proc. 1st Intern. Colloq. Invert. Pathol., Kingston, Canada. p. 184-88.

Entwistle, P. F. 1983. Control of insects by virus diseases. Biocontrol News and Information 4: 203-25.

Evans, H. F. 1985. Great spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans: an exotic pest new to Britain. Antenna 9: 117-21.

Evans, H. F. & C. J. King. 1987. Biological control of Dendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): British experience of rearing and release of Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae). Proc. Symp. on Potential for Biological Control of Dentroctonus and Ips Bark Beetles. Ann. Meeting Ent. Soc. Amer., 9 Dec., 1986. Reno, Nevada.

Everaerts, C., J.-C. Grégoire & J. Merlin. 1988. The toxicity of spruce monoterpenes to bark beetles and their associates. In: W. J. Mattson et al. (eds.), Mechanisms of Woody Plant Resistance to Insects and Pathogens. Springer-Verlag, New York. 416 p.

Falcon, L. A. 1971. Use of bacteria for microbial control of insects, p. 67-95. In: H. D. Burges & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York.

Fankhänel, H. 1963a. The use of egg parasites of the genus Trichogramma against the pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana Schiff., during 1960-62. Beitr. Ent. 13: 643-53. [in German].

Fankhänel, H. 1963b. Zu Fragen der biologischen Methode der Schädlingsbekämpfung in der Sowjetunion. Beitr. Ent. 13: 72-8.

Fankhänel, H. & C. Zeletzki. 1964. The development of the endoparasite Misocyclops pini Kieffer (Proctotrupoidea: Scelionidae) and its use against Thecodiplosis brachyntera Schwaegrichten (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Beitr. Ent. 14: 707-30. [in German].

Fernald, H. T. 1920. Ten years of the oriental moth. J. Econ. Ent. 13: 210-12.

Finlayson, L. R. & T. Finlayson. 1958. Notes on parasites of Diprionidae in Europe and Japan and their establishment in Canada on Diprion hercyinae (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Canad. Ent. 90: 557-63.

Finnegan, R. J. 1975. Introduction of a predaceous red wood ant, Formica lugubris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Italy to eastern Canada. Canad. Ent. 107: 1271-74.

Finnegan, R. J. 1977. Establishment of a predaceous red wood ant, Formica obscuripes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from Manitoba to eastern Canada. Canad. Ent. 109: 1145-48.

Finnegan, R. J. & W. A. Smirnoff. 1981. Chapter 59. Neodiprion swainei (Middleton), Swaine jack pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), p. 341-48. In: J. S. Kelleher & M. A. Hulme (eds.), Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1969-1980. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, London, England. 410 p.

Flanders, S. E. 1940. Observations on the biology of the elm leaf beetle parasite Erynnia nitida R.-Desv. J. Econ. Ent. 33: 947-48.

Forbes, R. S. & D. A. Ross. 1971. Stilpnotia salicis (L.), satin moth (Lepidoptera: Liparidae). Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 4: 205-12.

Franz, J. M. 1970. Part I. Biological and integrated control of pest organisms in forestry. Unasylva 24: 37-46.

Franz, J. M. 1971. Biological and integrated control of pest organisms in forestry. Part II. Unasylva 25: 45-56.

Franz, J. M. & A. Krieg. 1967. Bacillus thuringiensis-- Präparate gegen Forstschädlinge-- Erfahrungen in der Alten Welt. Gesundh. Pflanz. 19: 175-76, 178-80, 182.

Franz, J. M., A. Krief & J. Reisch. 1967. Freilandversuche zur Bekämpfung des Eichenwicklers (Tortrix viridana L.) (Lep., Tortricidae) mit Bacillus thuringiensis im Forstamt Hanau. Nachrichtsbl. deut. Pflanschutzdienst. Braunschweig 19: 36-44.

Given, B. B. 1959. Biological control factors influencing populations of oak leaf-miner, Lithocolletis messaniella Zeller, in New Zealand including the introduction of parasites. New Zealand J. Agr. Res. 2: 124-33.

Glaser, R. W. & J. W. Chapman. 1913. The wilt disease of gypsy moth caterpillars. J. Econ. Ent. 6: 479-88.

Glendenning, R. 1932. The satin moth in British Columbia. Canad. Dep. Agr. Ent. Br. Pam. 50 (n.s.). 15 p.

Goeden, R. D. & L. T. Kok. 1986. Comments on a proposed "new" approach for selecting agents for the biological control of weeds. Canad. Ent. 118: 51-58.

Gösswald, K. 1951. Die rote Waldameise in Dienste der Waldhygiene. M. Kinau Verlag, Luneberg. 1960 p.

Graham, A. R. 1958. Recoveries of introduced species of parasites of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), in Nova Scotia. Canad. Ent. 90: 595-96.

Greathead, C. J. 1971a. A review of biological control in the Ethiopian region. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 5: 162.

Greathead, C. J. 1971b. Eucalyptus snout beetle-- Gonipterus scutellatus Gyll. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 5: 49-50.

Greathead, C. J. 1980. Biological control of pests and the contributions of CIBC. Antenna 4: 88-91.

Greenbank, D. O. 1963. Host species and the spruce budworm. mem. Ent. Soc. Canad. 31: 219-23.

Grégoire, J.-C. 1976. Note sur deux ennemis naturels de Dendroctonus micans Kug. en Belgique. Bull. Ann. Soc. r. belge Entomol. 112: 208-12.

Grégoire, J.-C. 1985. Host colonization strategies in Dendroctonus: larval gregariousness vs. mass attack by adults, p. 147-54. In: L. Safranyik (ed.), Proc. Meeting of IUFRO Working Parties S2.07-05 and 06. Banff, Canada, Sept. 1983. 240 p.

Grégoire, J.-C., M. Balsier, J. Merlin & Y. Naccache. 1987. Interactions between Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) and Dendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the field and laboratory. Their application for the biological control of D. micans in France. Proc. Symposium on Potential for Biological Control of Dendroctonus and Ips Bark Beetles. Ann. Meeting Ent. Soc. Amer., 9 Dec. 1986. Reno, Nevada.

Griffiths, K. J., A. H. Rose & F. T. Bird. 1971. Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), European pine sawfly. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 4: 150-62.

Grison, P. 1970. Lucha microbiológica contra la "procesionaria del pino." Bol. Serv. Plagas For. 13: 133-43.

Hagen, K. S., R. Van den Bosch & D. L. Dahlsten. 1971. The importance of naturally-occurring biological control in the western United States, p. 253-93. In: C. B. Huffaker (ed.), Biological Control. Plenum Press, New York. 511p.

Hall, R. W. & L. E. Ehler. 1979. Rate of establishment of natural enemies in classical biological control. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 25: 280-82.

Hall, R. W., L. E. Ehler & B. Bisabri-Ershadi. 1980. Rate of success in classical biological control of arthropods. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 26: 111-14.

Hansbrough, J. R. 1965. Biological control of forest tree diseases. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 55: 41-4.

Harris, J. W. E. & H. C. Coppel. 1967. The poplar-and-willow borer, Sternochetus (=Cryptorhynchus) Lapathi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in British Columbia. Canad. Ent. 99: 411-18.

Harris, J. W. E. & H. C. Coppel. 1975. Poplar-and-willow borer biology and control. Dept. Nat. Res. Leaflet. 3 p.

Hassell, M. P. 1980. Foraging strategies, population models and biological control: a case study. J. Anim. Ecol. 49: 603-28.

Hawboldt, L. S. & F. G. Cuming. 1950. Cankerworms and the European winter moth in Nova Scotia. Canad. Dep. Agr. Sci. Serv. Forest Insect Invest. Bimonth. Progr. Rep. 6(1): 1-2.

Haynes, K. A. & M. C. Birch. 1985. The role of other pheromones, allomones and kairomones in the behavioral responses of insects, p. 225-55. In: G. A. Kerkut (ed.), Vol. 9, Behavior. 735 p. In: G. A. Kerkut & L. T. Gilbert (eds.), Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Pergamon Press, Oxford, England

Heimpel, A. M. & T. A. Angus. 1960. Bacterial insecticides. Bacteriol. Rev. 24: 266-88.

Herberg, H. 1960. Three decades of bird protection and the control of forest insect pests by colonizing bires in artificial nesting boxes. Arch. Forstwesen 9: 1015-48. [in German].

Herrebout, W. M. 1967. Habitat selection in Eucarcelia rutilla Vill. (Diptera: Tachinidae). I. Observations on the occurrence during the season. Z. angew. Ent. 60: 219-29.

Hokkanen, H. & D. Pimentel. 1984. New approach for selecting biological control agents. Canad. Ent. 116: 1109-21.

Howard, L. O. & W. F. Fiske. 1911. The importation into the United States of the parasites of the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth. USDA, Bur. Ent. Bull. 91: 1-312.

Huffaker, C. B. (ed.). 1971. Biological Control. Plenum Press, New York. 511 p.

Huffaker, C. B. & P. S. Messenger (eds.). 1976. Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, New York. 788 p.

Huffaker, C. B., P. S. Messenger & P. DeBach. 1971. The natural enemy component in natural control and the theory of biological control, p. 16-67. In: C. B. Huffaker (ed.), Biological Control. Plenum Press, New York. 511 p.

Ignoffo, C. M. 1968. Specificity of insect viruses. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 14: 265-76.

Ives, W. G. H. 1976. The dynamics of larch sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) populations in southeastern Manitoba. Canad. Ent. 108: 701-30.

Ives, W. G. H. & J. A. Muldrew. 1981. Chapter 64,Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), larch sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), p. 369-80. In: J. S. Kelleher & M. Hulme (eds.), Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada 1969-1980. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, London, England. 410 p.

Jagsch, A. 1973. Populationdynamik und Parasitenkomplex der Larchenminiermotte, Coleophora laricella Hbn., in naturlichen Verbreitungsgebiet der Europaischen Larche, Larix decidua Mill. Zeit. ang. Ent. 73: 1-42.

Jaques, R. P. 1961. Control of some lepidopterous pests of apple with commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. J. Insect Path. 3: 167-82.

Jewett, D. M., F. Matsumura & H. C. Coppel. 1976a. Sex pheromone specificity in the pine sawflies: interchange of acid moieties in an ester. Science 192: 51-3.

Jewett, D. M., F. Matsumura & H. C. Coppel. 1976b. A simple system for recording electroantennograms from male pine sawflies. JEPT 5(2): 24-8.

Jewett, D., F. Matsumura & H. C. Coppel. 1978. Preparation and use of sex attractants for four species of pine sawflies. J. Chem. Ecol. 4(3): 277-87.

Johnson, P. C. 1958. Spruce spider mite infestations in northern Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service. Intermountain For. & Range Expt. Sta. Res. Paper 55. 14 p.

Jones, P. A. & H. C. Coppel. 1963. Immature stages of the biology of Apateticus cynicus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Canad. Ent. 95: 770-9.

Jones, P. A., H. C. Coppel & J. E. Casida. 1965. Collection of additional sex attractant from the virgin female introduced pine sawfly. J. Econ. Ent. 58: 465-66.

Jones, T. H., R. T. Webber & P. B. Dowden. 1938. Effectiveness of imported insect enemies of the satin moth. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 459. 24 p.

Katagiri, K. 1969. Review on microbial control of insect pests in forests in Japan. Entomophaga 14: 203-14.

Kikukawa, T., F. Matsumura, M. Kraemer, H. C. Coppel & A. Tai. 1982. Field attractiveness of chirally defined synthetic attractants to males of Diprion similis and Gilpinia frutetorum. J. Chem. Ecol. 8(3): 301-14.

Kikukawa, T., F. Matsumura, J. Olaifa, M. Kraemer, H. C. Coppel & A. Tai. 1983. Field evaluation of chiral isomers of the sex pheromone of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer. J. Chem. Ecol. 9: 673-93.

Kimberling, D. N., J. C. Miller & R. L. Penrose. 1986. Distribution and parasitism of winter moth, Operophthora brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), in western Oregon. Environ. Ent. 15: 1042-46.

Klein, M. G. & H. C. Coppel. 1965. Oviposition habits of a white pine chrysomelid Glyptoscellis pubescens (Fabr.). Proc. North Cent. Br., Ent. Soc. Amer. 20: 140-41.

Klein, M. G. & H. C. Coppel. 1968. Isolation and pathogenicity of fungi and bacteria from the meconia of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis. J. Invert. Path 12: 391-94.

Klein, M. G. & H. C. Coppel. 1968. The pine chrysomelid, Glyptoscelis pubescens, in northwestern Wisconsin. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 62: 1-7.

Klein, M. G. & H. C. Coppel. 1969. Hemocytopoietic organs in larvae of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 62: 1259-61.

Klein, M. G. & H. C. Coppel. 1973a. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus disease of Diprion similis (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in Wisconsin. Wis. Ror. Res. Notes No. 169. 3 p.

Klein, M. G. & H. C. Coppel. 1973b. Entomophthora tenthredinis, a fungal pathogen of the introduced pine sawfly in northwestern Wisconsin. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer 66: 1178-80.

Klein, M. G. & H. C. Coppel. 1973c. The seasonal occurrence and pathogenicity of bacteria associated with Diprion similis (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) larvae in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 170. 4 p.

Kobakhidze, D. N. 1965. Some results and prospects of the utilization of beneficial entomophagous insects in the control of insect pests in Georgian SSR (USSR). Entomophaga 10: 323-30.

Kobakhidze, D. N., M. S. Tvaradze, G. V. Yashvili & I. K. Kraveishvili. 1968. Artificial rearing of Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. for the control of Dendroctonus micans in Georgia. Soobschenie Akademie Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR 51: 435-40.

Koehler, W. 1965. The effect of the red wood ant (Formica rufa L.) on the population dynamics of Acantholyda nemoralis Thoms. Collana Verde 16: 219-30. [in Italian].

Koehler, W. 1970a. The theoretical background of the "Complex Method." Tagungsber. deut. Akad. Landwirtschaftwiss, Berlin 110: 31-35. [in German].

Koehler, W. 1970b. The importance of Trichogramma species in the reduction of Rhyacionia buoliana Schiff. populations. Tagunsber. deut. Akad. Landwirtschaftwiss., Berlin 110: 117-83. [in German].

Kraemer, M. E. & H. C. Coppel. 1977. The European pine sawfly in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes. Note No. 206. 3 p.

Kraemer, M. E. & H. C. Coppel. 1978. The parasitoids of the European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in Wisconsin, with keys to adults and larval remains. Journal? 66: 91-112.

Kraemer, M. E. & H. C. Coppel. 1983. Hybridization of jack pine feeding sawflies (Diprionidae: Neodiprion). Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 252. 3 p.

Kraemer, M., H. C. Coppel, F. Matsumura, T. Kikukawa & K. Mori. 1979a. Field responses of the white pine sawfly, Neodiprion pinetum, to optical isomers of sawfly sex pheromone. Environ. Ent. 8: 519-20.

Kraemer, M. E., H. C. Coppel & D. J. Hall. 1979b. The establishment of Lophyroplectus luteator, a larval parasitoid of the European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer, in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 225. 3 p.

Kraemer, M. E., H. C. Coppel, F. Matsumura, R. C. Wilkinson & T. Kikukawa. 1981. Field and electroantennogram responses of the red-headed pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), to optical isomers of sawfly sex pheromones. J. Chem. Ecol. 7(6): 1063-72.

Kraemer, M. E., H. C. Coppel, T. Kikukawa, F. Matsumura, H. A. Thomas, L. C. Thompson & K. Mori. 1983. Field and electroantennogram response to sex pheromone optical isomers by four fall-flying sawfly species (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae, Neodiprion). Environ. Ent. 12: 1592-96.

Kraemer, M. E., H. C. Coppel, F. Matsumura, T. Kikukawa & P. Benoit. 1984. Field and electroantennogram response to sex pheromone optical isomers by monophagous jack pine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 10(7): 983-95.

Krauth, S. J., D. J. Hall, R. D. Shenefelt & H. C. Coppel. 1977a. A preliminary list of Wisconsin Lepidoptera reared in conjunction with the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) parasitoid recovery program. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 205. p. 1-14.

Krauth, S. J., D. J. Hall, H. C. Coppel & R. D. Shenefelt. 1977b. New Wisconsin records of Lepidoptera reared in conjunction with the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) parasitoid recovery program. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 208. 5 p.

Krauth, S. J., D. J. Hall, H. C. Coppel & R. D. Shenefelt. 1977c. Hymenopterous and dipterous parasitoids reared from Wisconsin lepidopterous hosts in conjunction with the gypsy moth parasitoid recovery program. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 210. 4 p.

Kristi…, M. 1956. Prospects of application of biological control in forest pathology. Botan. Rev. 22: 38-44.

Krushev, L. I. 1960. The use of Trichogramma in the biological control of the European pine shoot moth. Sb. Nauch. Rab. Inst. Les. Kchozj. 13: 198-204. [in Russian].

Kuenzi, F. M. & H. C. Coppel. 1985a. The biology of Clastoptera arborina Ball (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in Wisconsin. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 73: 144-53.

Kuenzi, F. M. & H. C. Coppel. 1985b. Feeding site and spittle of Clastoptera arborina Ball (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 73: 154-59.

Kuenzi, F. M. & H. C. Coppel. 1986. Isozymes of the sawflies Neodiprion and Diprion similis: diagnostic characters and genetic distance. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 14(4): 423-29.

Kulman, H. M., L. C. Thompson & J. A. Witter. 1974. Introduction of parasitoids of the larch sawfly in Minnesota. Great Lakes Ent. 7: 23-25.

Küthe, K. 1965. Frostspanner (Cheimatobia brumata L.) und Gespinstmotten (Hyponomeuta padella L.) Bekämpfung mit Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land. Forstwirt. Berlin Dahlem 115: 55-9.

Laing, J. E. & J. Hamai. 1976. Biological control of insect pests and weeds by imported parasites, predators and pathogens, p. 685-743. In: C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, New York. 788 p.

1977 Legner, E. F. & I. Moore. 1977. Staphylinidae from under bark and at sap of trees, a preliminary survey of species possibly beneficial to forestry (Coleoptera). The Great Lakes Entomologist 10(4): 173-177.

Leonard, D. E. 1966. Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) established in North America. Ent. News 77: 25-7.

Leonard, D. E. 1971. Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) parasitizing gypsy moth in Maine. Canad. Ent. 103: 654-56.

Leonard, D. E. 1974. Recent developments in ecology and control of the gypsy moth. Ann. Rev. Ent. 19: 197-229.

Lewis, F. B. & D. P. Connola. 1966. Field and laboratory investigations of Bacillus thuringiensis as a control agent for gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.). U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest Serv. Res. Pap. NE-50. 38 p.

Loan, C. C., M. G. Klein & H. C. Coppel. 1969. Microctonus glyptosceli n. sp., a parasite of Glyptoscelis pubescens (F.) in Wisconsin. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 71(2): 230-33.

Luck, R. F. & D. L. Dahlsten. 1975. Natural decline of a pine needle scale (Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch)) outbreak at South Lake Tahoe, California following cessation of adult mosquito control with malathion. Ecology 56: 893-904.

Lukjancikov, V. P. 1964. The use of a granulose to control the Siberian pine moth. Lesn. Khoz. 16: 49. [in Russian].

Lysenko, O. & M. Kucera. 1971. Micro-organisms as sources of new insecticidal chemicals: Toxins, p. 205-27. In: H. D. Burges & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York.

MacGillivray, A. D. 1909. A new genus of some new species of Tenthredinidae. Canad. Ent. 41: 345-46.

Magasi, L. P. & P. D. Syme. 1981. Chapter 52. Gilpinia hercyinae (Hartig), European spruce sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), p. 295-97. In: J. S. Kelleher & M. A. Hulme (eds.), Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada 1969-1980. Commonwealth Agric. Bureau, London, England. 410 p.

Magnoler, A. 1967. L'applicazione di un virus poliedrico nucleare nella lotta contro larve di Lymantria dispar L. Entomophaga 12: 199-207.

Magnoler, A. 1968. The differing effectiveness of purified and nonpurified suspensions of the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of Porthetria dispar. J. Invertebr. Path. 11: 326-28.

Maksimovi…, M., P. Bjegovi… & Lj. Vasiljevi…. 1970. Maintaining the density of the gypsy moth enemies as a method of biological control. Zast. Bilja 21(107): 1-15. [in Serbo-Croat. w/ English summary].

Malyseva, M. S. 1968. The method of colonization of the red wood ant Formica polycytena Foerst. in pine forests, with a discussion of the results. Tr. Vses. Nauch Issled Zasc. Rast. 31: 244-55.

Marikovskij, P. I. 1963. Experimental colonization of Formica rufa L. to protect forests against pest insects. Sb. Zasc. Les. Sibir Nasekomych-uredet. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.. p. 85-9. [in Russian].

Martignoni, M. E. & C. Auer. 1957. The experimental use of a granulosis to control Eucosma griseana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Mitt. Schweiz. Anst. Forstl. Versuchsw. 33: 73-93. [in German].

Matsumura, F., A. Tai & H. C. Coppel. 1978. Chirality of the sex-pheromone of the red-headed pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 216. 4 p.

Matsumura, F., T. Akira, H. C. Coppel & M. Imaida. 1979. Chiral specificity of the sex pheromone of the red-headed pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei. J. Chem. Ecol. 5(2): 237-49.

Maw, M. G. & H. C. Coppel. 1953. Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canad. J. Zool. 31: 392-403.

McFadden, M. W., D. L. Dahlsten, C. W. Berisford, F. B. Knight & W. W. Metterhouse. 1981. Integrated pest management in China's forests. J. Forestry 79: 723-26, 799.

McGugan, B. M. & H. C. Coppel. 1962. A review of the biological control attempts against insects and weeds in Canada. II. Biological control of forest insects, 1910-1958. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control Tech. Comm. No. 2: 35-216.

McIntosh, W. 1903. The brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea). Note on first recovery in Canada. 33rd Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont. 93 p.

McLaughlin, R. E. 1971. Use of protozoans for microbial control of insects, p. 151-72. In: H. D. Burges & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York.

McLeod, J. H. 1951. Biological control investigations in British Columbia. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia Proc. 47: 27-36.

McLeod, J. M. & W. A. Smirnoff. 1971. Chapter 43. Neodiprion swainei Midd., Swaine jack-pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), p. 162-67. In: Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1959-1968. Commonwealth Inst. of Biol. Control, Tech. Comm. No. 4. 266 p.

McNeil, J. N., J. Delisle & R. J. Finnegan. 1978. Seasonal predatory activity of the introduced red wood ant, Formica lugubris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at Valcartier, Quebec in 1976. Canad. Ent. 110: 85-90.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1968. The changing role of Exenterus amictorius (Panzer), a parasite of Diprion similis (Hartig) in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 138. 6 p.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1971a. Sexual behavior in gynandromorphs of Diprion similis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 64: 1191-2.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1971b. Additions to the known parasitoid complex associated with Diprion similis (Htg.) in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. Res. For. Notes No. 157. 7 p.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1971c. The insect parasites of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in Wisconsin, with keys to the adults and mature larval remains. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 59: 127-68.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1972a. Seed dockage sieves for sex-separation of pine sawfly cocoons. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65: 1424-25.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1972b. Previously undescribed abdominal glands in the female introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65: 33-8.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1973a. Adaptation of native and exotic hyperparasites to the introduced primary sawfly parasite, Exenterus amictorius (Panzer) in Wisconsin. Entomol 18(1): 9-23.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1973b. Observations of Myeloborus ramiperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) a twig pith beetle of white pine. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 166. 2 p.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1973c. Melanoplus punctulatus griseus (Thomas), a dendrophilious grasshopper on Pinus strobus L. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 177. 3 p.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1974. History of biological control attempts against insects and weeds in Wisconsin. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 62: 115-32.

Mertins, J. W. & H. C. Coppel. 1977. Parasitoids from miscellaneous insects associated with trees and shrubs in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes. No. 202. 5 p.

Mertins, J. W., H. C. Coppel & L. J. Bayer. 1973a. A preliminary list of the chewing and sucking insects attacking prickly-ash in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 167: 1-6.

Mertins, J. W., H. C. Coppel & M. G. Karandinos. 1975. Potential for suppressing Diprion similis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) with pheromone trapping: a population model. Res. Popul. Ecol. 17: 77-84.

Mesnil, L. P. 1967. History of a success in biological control: the winter moth project in Canada. Tech. Bull. Comm. Inst. Biol. Contr. 8: 1-6.

Miller, C. A. & T. A. Angus. 1971. Choristoneura fumigerana (Clemens), spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 4: 127-30.

Miller, D. & A. F. Clark. 1934. Distribution of parasites in New Zealand. N. Z. J. Sci. Tech. 15: 301-07.

Miller, D. & A. F. Clark. 1938. The establishment of Rhyssa persuasoria in New Zealand. N. Z. J. Sci. Tech. 19: 63-4.

Miller, M. C., J. C. Moser, M. McGregor, J.-C. Grégoire, M. Baisier, D. L. Dahlsten & R. A. Werner. 1987. Potential for the biological control of native North American Dendroctonus beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 80: 417-28.

Miller, P. C. 1970. Age distributions of spruce and fir in beetle-killed forests on the White River Plateau, Colorado. Amer. Middl. Natur. 83: 206-12.

Mills, N. J. 1983a. Possibilities for the biological control of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) using natural enemies from Europe. Biocontrol News and Information 4: 103-25.

Mills, N. J. 1983b. The natural enemies of scolytids infesting conifer bark in Europe in relation to the biological control of Dendroctonus spp. in Canada. Biocontrol News and Information 4: 305-28.

Mills, N. J. & F. Schoenberg. 1985. Possibilities for the biological control of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (Lymantriidae), in Canada, using natural enemies from Europe. Biocontrol News and Information 6: 7-18.

Mitchell, R. G. & K. H. Wright. 1967. Foreign predator introductions for control of the balsam woolly aphid in the Pacific Northwest. J. Econ. Ent. 60: 140-47.

Moeck, H. & L. Safranyik. 1984. Assessment of predator and parasitoid control of bark beetles. Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Center. Information Report BC-X-248. 24 p.

Mohamed, M. A. & H. C. Coppel. 1983. Mass rearing of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), for small-scale laboratory studies. Great Lakes Ent. 16(4): 139-41.

Mohamed, M. A. & H. C. Coppel. 1985. Sex ratio regulation in Brachymeria intermedia, a pupal gypsy moth parasitoid. Canad. J. Zool. 64: 1412-15.

Mohamed, M. A. & H. C. Coppel. 1987a. Pheromonal basis of courtship behavior in two gypsy moth parasitoids: Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) and Brachymeria lasus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). J. Echm. Ecol. 13(5): 1099-13.

Mohamed, M. A. & H. C. Coppel. 1987b. Pheromonal basis for aggregation behavior of parasitoids of the gypsy moth: Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) and Brachymeria lasus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). J. Chem. Ecol. 13(6): 1385-93.

Mohamed, M. A., H. C. Coppel, D. J. Hall & J. D. Podgwaite. 1981. Field release of virus-sprayed adult parasitoids of the European pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in Wisconsin. Great Lakes Entomol. 14: 177-78.

Mohamed, M. A., H. C. Coppel & J. D. Podgwaite. 1982a. Bioassay of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Great Lakes Entomol. 15(2): 93-96.

Mohamed, M. A., H. C. Coppel & J. D. Podgwaite. 1982b. Persistence in soil and foliage of nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Environ. Ent. 11: 1116-18.

Mohamed, M. A., H. C. Coppel & J. D. Podgwaite. 1983a. Artificially-induced nucleopolyhedrosis virus epizootic in populations of Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Environ. Ent. 12: 397-99.

Mohamed, M. A., H. C. Coppel, J. D. Podgwaite & W. D. Rollinson. 1983b. Accumulation of nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the European pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) as a function of larval weight. J. Econ. Ent. 76: 287-9.

Mohamed, M. A., H. C. Coppel & J. D. Podgwaite. 1985. Temperature and crowding effects on virus manifestation in Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) larvae. Great Lakes Ent. 18(3): 115-18.

Molnar, A. C., J. W. E. Harris & D. A. Ross. 1967. British Columbia Region. Ann. Rept. For. Insect & Disease Survey--1966. p. 108-23.

Moore, G. E. 1972. Southern pine beetle mortality in North Carolina caused by parasites and predators. Environ. Ent. 1: 58-65.

Morris, K. R. S., E. Cameron & W. F. Jepson. 1937. The insect parasites of the spruce sawfly (Diprion polytomum Htg.) in Europe. Bull. Ent. Res. 28: 341-93.

Morris, O. N. 1969. Susceptibility of several forest insects of British Columbia to commercially produced Bacillus thuringiensis II. Laboratory and field pathogenicity tests. J. Invertebr. Path. 13: 285-95.

Morris, O. N. 1982. Bacteria as pesticides: forest applications, p. 239-87. In: E. Kurstak (ed.), Microbial and Viral Pesticides. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 720 p.

Morris, O. N., J. C. Cunningham, J. R. Finney-Crawley, R. P. Jaynes and A. Kinoshita. 1986. Microbial insecticides in Canada: their registration and use in agriculture, forestry and public and animal health. Bull. Ent. Soc. Canad. Suppl. 2: 43 p.

Morris, O. N., J. B. Dimond & F. B. Lewis. 1984. Guidelines for the operational use of Bacillus thuringiensis against the spruce budworm. USDA Handbook No. 621. 26 p.

Muesebeck, C. F. W. et al. 1951. Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico-- synoptic catalog. U. S. Dept. Agr. Monogr. 2. 1420 p.

Muldrew, J. A. 1953. The natural immunity of the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)) to the introduced parasite (Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley), in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Canad. J. Zool. 31: 313-32.

Muldrew, J. A. 1964. The biological control programme against the larch sawfly. Proc. Ent. Soc. Manitoba 20: 63.

Munroe, E. G. 1971. Status and potential of biological control in Canada. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 4: 213-55.

Neilson, M. M., R. Martineau & A. M. Rose. 1971. Chapter 39. Diprion hercyniae (Hartig), European spruce sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), p. 136-43. In: Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1959-1968. Commonwealth Inst. of Biol. Control, Tech. Comm. No. 4. 266 p.

Niklas, O. F. & J. M. Franz. 1957. Factors limiting a gradation of the European pine sawfly [Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.)] in southwestern Germany between 1953-1956. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land. Forstwirt. Berlin-Dahlem 89: 1-39. [in German].

Norris, D. M., Jr. & H. C. Coppel. 1960. Translocation and stability of Chipman R-6199 in Pinus strobus as related to its control of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis. J. Econ. Ent. 54: 159-61.

Olaifa, J. I., F. Matsumura, T. Kikukawa & H. C. Coppel. 1988. Pheromone-dependent species recognition mechanisms between Neodiprion pinetum and Diprion similis on white pine. J. Chem. Ecol. 14(4): 1131-44.

Ortisi, A. 1965. Populations of ants of the Formica rufa-group of the Province of Bergamo as a source for ant colonizations in Italy. Collana Verde 16: 236-49. [in Italian].

Otto, D. 1967. The importance of Formica colonies in the reduction of important pest insects. A literature review. Waldhygiene 7: 65-90.

Otto, D. 1970. Einige grundsätzliche Feststellungen zur Einsatzmöglichkeit von Formica polyctena Först. im Forstschutz. Biol. Bek. Meth. von Forstschädl. Tagungsber. No. 110: 87-108.

Otvos, I. S. & F. W. Quednau. 1981. Chapter 49. Coleophorea laricella (Hübner), larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), p. 281-84. In: J. S. Kelleher & M. A. Hulme (eds.), Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1969-1980. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, London, England. 410 p.

Patterson, J. E. 1921. Life history of Recurvaria milleri, the lodgepole needle-miner, in the Yosemite National Park, California. J. Agr. Res. 21: 127-42.

Pavan, M. 1955. La lotta biologica con Formica rufa L. control gli insetti dannosi alle foreste. Min. Agr. For. Italy Collana Verda 3: 1-75.

Phillipsen, W. J. & H. C. Coppel. 1973. Changes in the mature larval gut of the introduced pine sawfly, Dirpion similis (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) during transformation. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 66: 1360-62.

Phillipsen, W. J. & H. C. Coppel. 1974?. Bacteria associated with the stomodaea of certain nearctic diprionid species. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 68?: ____.

Pickett, A. D. & H. G. Payne. 1938. The history of entomology in Nova Scotia particularly in respect to the activities of provincial authorities. 69th Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. p. 11-15.

Pimentel, D. 1961. Animal population regulation by the genetic feedback mechanism. Amer. Nat. 95: 65-79.

Pimentel, D. 1963. Introducing parasites and predators to control native pests. Canad. Ent. 95: 875-92.

Pinnock, D. E. & J. E. Milstead. 1971. Control of the California oakworm with Bacillus thuringiensis preparations. J. Econ. Ent. 64: 510-13.

Podgwaite, J. D. 1985. Gypchek: past and future strategies for use. Proc. Symposium: Microbial Control of Spruce Budworms and Gypsy Moths. USDA For. Serv. GTR-NE-100. p. 91-93.

Podgwaite, J. D. & B. J. Consenza. 1966. Bacteria of living and dead larvae of Porthetria dispar (L.). U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest Serv. Res. Note NE-50. 7 p.

Postner, M. 1962. Biological control of agevillea abietis Hubault (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Verh. 11th Int. Congr. Ent. Wien, 1960 2: 711-13. [in German].

Price, P. W. 1970. Characateristics permitting coexistence among parasitoids of a sawfly in Quebec. Ecology 51: 445-54.

Pschorn-Walcher, H. 1977. Biological control of forest insects. Ann. Rev. Ent. 22: 1-22.

Quednau, F. W. 1970. Competition and cooperation between Chrysocharis laricinellae and Agathis pumila on arch casebearer in Quebec. Canad. Ent. 102: 602-12.

Quinton, R. J. & C. C. Doane. 1962. Bacillus thuringiensis against the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria. J. Econ. Ent. 55: 567-68.

Rabb, R. L., R. E. Stinner & R. Van den Bosch. 1976. Conservation and augmentation of natural enemies, p. 233-54. In: C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, New York. 788 p.

Raheja, A. K. & M. A. Brooks. 1971. Inability of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, to acquire resistance to viral infection. J. Invertebr. Path. 17: 136-37.

Rauf, A., D. M. Benjamin, H. C. Coppel & S. E. Banash. 1979. Parasitization of white pine sawfly and red headed pine sawfly eggs by the egg parasite, Closterocerus cinctipennis Ashmead. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 227. 3 p.

Reeks, W. A. & C. C. Smith. 1956. The satin moth, Stilpnotia salicis (L.), in the Maritime Provinces and observations on its control by parasites and spraying. Canad. Ent. 88: 565-79.

Ridgway, R. L., E. G. King & J. L. Carillo. 1977. Chapter 13. Augmentation of natural enemies for control of plant pests in the western hemisphere, p. 379-416. In: R. L. Ridgway & S. B. Vinson (eds.), Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies: Insect and Mite Control with Parasites and Predators. Plenum Press, New York. 480 p.

Rivers, C. F. 1964. The use of a polyhedral virus disease in the control of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr. in northwest Scotland. Colloq. Int. Pathol. Insectes, Lutte Microbiol. (Paris 1962). Entomophaga Mem. No. 2: 477-80.

Roberts, D. W. & W. G. Yendol. 1971. Use of fungi for microbial control of insects, p. 125-49. In: H. D. Burges & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York.

Rollinson, W. D., F. B. Lewis & W. E. Waters. 1965. The successful use of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus against the gypsy moth. J. Invertebr. Path. 7: 515-17.

Rollinson, W. D., H. B. Hubbard & F. B. Lewis. 1970. Mass rearing of the European pine sawfly for production of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J. Econ. Ent. 63: 343-44.

Rossi, D. 1966. Biological control of Evetria buoliana Schiff. Note Appunti Sper. Ent. Agr. Perugia 11: 1-14. [in Italian].

Rupérez, A. 1964. Epoque optima pour la proliferation de la polyhedrose dans les chenilles de Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lep., Lymantriidae). Entomophaga Mem. Hors. Ser. 2: 514-20.

Rupérez, A. 1967. Utilisation de Bacillus thuringiensis dans la lutte contre Lymantria dispar en Espagne. Proc. Int. Colloq. Insect Path. Microbial Contr., Wageningen, 1966. p. 266-74.

Ryan, R. B. 1983. Population density and dynamics of larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington before the build-up of exotic parasites. Canad. Ent. 115: 1095-1102.

Ryan, R. B. 1985. A hypothesis for decreasing parasitization of larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) on larch foliage by Agathis pumila. Canad. Ent. 117: 1573-74.

Ryan, R. B. 1986. Analysis of life tables for the larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoreidae) in Oregon. Canad. Ent. 118: 1255-63.

Ryan, R. B. 1987. Classical biological control: an overview. J. Forestry 85(7): 29-31.

Ryan, R. B. & J. A. Rudinsky. 1962. Biology and habits of the Douglas-fir beetle parasite, Coeloides brunneri Viereck in western Oregon. Canad. Ent. 94: 748-63.

Ryan, R. B., S. Tunnock & F. W. Ebel. 1987. The larch casebearer in North America. J. Forestry 83(7): 33-39.

Ryvkin, B. V. 1955. Some new methods to control forest insect pests. Les. Khoz. 8: 58-60. [in Russian].

Sailer, R. I. 1971. Invertebrate predators. USDA Forest Service, Res. Paper NE-195: 32-44.

Sankaran, T. 1972. Misc. notes. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 6.

Sapiro, V. A. & M. S. Malyseva. 1970. Zur Begründung von Methoden integrierter Forstschutzmassnahmen gegen laub- und nadelfressende Schädlinge. Bool. Bek. Meth. von Forstschädl. 51-8.

Sartwell, C. 1969. Role of mountain pine beetle in the population ecology of ponderosa pine. Bull. Oreg. Ent. Soc. 35: 255.

Sartwell, C. 1971. Thinning ponderosa pine to prevent outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle, p. 41-52. In: D. M. Baumgartner (ed.), Precommercial Thinning of Coastal and Intermountain Forests in the Pacific Northwest. Wash. St. Univ., Pullman.

Schroeder, D. 1974. A study of the interactions between the internal larval parasites of Rhyacionia buoliana (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Entomophaga 19: 145-71.

Schönherr, J. 1965. The use of a virus disease in the biological control of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.), and the spread of the disease after application. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzepathal. Pflanzenschutz. 72: 466-77. [in German].

Schönherr, J. 1969. Field experiments using a granulose for the biological control of the European fir budworm, Choristoneura murinana (Hübner). Entomophaga 14: 251-60. [in German].

Schröder, D. 1969. Lypha dubia (Fall.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a parasite of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Eucosmidae) in Europe. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Bull. 12: 43-60.

Schwenke, W. 1964. Successful experiments using Chalcidids (Hymenoptera) for biological control of Diprion pini L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and Pannolis flammea Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Z. angew. Ent. 53: 179-86. [in German].

Shchepetilnikova, V. A. 1970. The knowledge about egg parasites of the genus Trichogramma and their use against insect pest in agriculture and forestry. Tagunsber. deut Akad. Landwirtschaftwiss. Berlin 110: 117-36. [in German].

Shenefelt, R. D. & H. C. Coppel. 1977. Wisconsin braconid genera primarily associated with the gypsy moth, (Lymantria dispar (L.)), parasitoid recovery program. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 209. 3 p.

Shigo, A. L. 1967. Successions of organisms in discoloration and decay of wood. Int. Rev. Forest. Res. 2: 237-99.

Simser, D. H. & H. C. Coppel. 1980a. Competition between Brachymeria lasus and B. intermedia in the laboratory. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 232. 6 p.

Simser, D. H. & H. C. Coppel. 1980b. Developmental aspects and parasitization rates of Brachymeria lasus (Walker) and B. intermedia (Nees) in the laboratory. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 233. 6 p.

Simser, D. H. & H. C. Coppel. 1980c. Field releases and preliminary establishment data for Brachymeria lasus in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 234. 6 p.

Simser, D. H. & H. C. Coppel. 1980d. Courtship and mating behavior of Brachymeria lasus [Hym.: Chalcididae], an imported gypsy moth parasitoid. Entomol. 25(4): 349-56.

Simser, D. H. & H. C. Coppel. 1980e. Aggregation behavior of Brachymeria lasus (Walker) in the laboratory. Environ. Ent. 9: 486-88.

Simser, D. H. & H. C. Coppel. 1980f. Female-produced sex pheromone in Brachymeria lasus and B. intermedia [Hym.: Chalcididae]. Entomol. 25(4): 373-80.

Simser, D. H. & H. C. Coppel. 1991. An array of spatulate sensilla on antennae of male Brachymeria lasus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). The Great Lakes Ent. 24(2): 103-8.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1963. Record of the larch shoot moth and some of its parasites in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 108. 3 p.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1964a. A technique for the laboratory observation of bird predation. Proc. North Cent. Br. Ent. Soc. Amer. 19: 63-4.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1964b. An entomology research project in the arboretum-larch casebearer. Arbor. News 13(2-3): 2 p.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1965a. Population fluctuations of the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hbn. in the University Arboretum, Madison, Wis., 1962-1964. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 122. 4 p.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1965b. Seasonal history and parasite complex of the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hbn. in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 123. 6 p.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1965c. Oviposition patterns and egg predation of the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hbn. in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 124. 4 p.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1965d. The insect parasites of the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hubner, (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), in Wisconsin with keys to the adults and mature larval remains. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 54: 125-46.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1968. Ecological implications of bird predators on the larch casebearer in Wisconsin. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 1067-70.

Sloan, N. F. & H. C. Coppel. 1975. Larch casebearer biology and control. Dept. Nat. Res. Leaflet. 3 p.

Smirnoff, W. A. 1962. Transovum transmission of virus of Neodiprion swainei Middleton (Hymenoptera: Tenthridinidae). J. Insect Path. 4: 192-200.

Smith, B. C. & H. C. Coppel. 1957. Releases in North America and review of bionomics in Europe of insect predators of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Canad. Ent. 89: 410-20.

Smith, C. C. 1950. Notes on the European winter moth in Nova Scotia. Canad. Dep. Agr. Sci. Serv. Forest Insect Invest. Bimon. Progr. Rept. 6(2): 1.

Speare, A. T. & R. H. Colley. 1912. The Artificial Use of the Brown-tail Fungus in Massachusetts. Wright & Potter, Boston. 31 p.

Spradberry, J. P. 1970. The biology of Ibalia drewseni Borries (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), a parasite of siricid woodwasps. proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London A45: 104-13.

Spradbery, J. P. & A. A. Kirk. 1978. Aspects of the ecology of siricid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Europe, North Africa and Turkey with special reference to the biological control of Sirex noctilio F. in Australia. Bull. Ent. Res. 68: 341-59.

Stairs, G. R. 1964. Dissemination of nuclear polyhedrosis virus against the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). Canad. Ent. 96: 1017-20.

Stairs, G. R. 1965. Artificial initiation of virus epizootics in forest tent caterpillar populations. Canad. Ent. 97: 1059-62.

Stairs, G. R. 1971. Use of viruses for microbial control of insects, p. 97-124. In: H. D. Burges & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York.

Stairs, G. R. 1972. Pathogenic microorganisms in the regulation of forest insect populations. Ann. Rev. Ent. 17: 355-72.

Stark, R. W. 1971. Integrated control, pest management or protective population management? U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest. Serv. Res. Pap. NE-194: 111-29.

Stark, R. W. & D. L. Dahlsten (eds.). 1970. Studies on the Population Dynamics of the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicornis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Univ. Calif. Div. Agr. Sci., Berkeley. 174 p.

Stelzer, M. J. 1965. Susceptibility of the Great Basin tent caterpillar, Malacosoma fragile (Stretch), to a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. J. Invertebr. Path. 7: 122-25.

Stelzer, M. J. 1967. Control of a tent caterpillar, Malacosoma fragile incurva, with an aerial application of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus and Bacillus thuringiensis. J. Econ. Ent. 60: 38-41.

Stern, V. M., P. L. Adkisson, O. G. Beingolea & G. A. Viktorov. 1976. Cultural controls, p. 593-613. In: C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, New York. 788 p.

Stowell, S. D. & H. C. Coppel. 1987a. Effect of the presence of Brachymeria lasus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on rate of pupation of firth instar Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 275. 6 p.

Stowell, S. D. & H. C. Coppel. 1987b. Effect of temperature during oviposition by Brachymeria lasus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on host mortality and progeny sex ratio. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 276.

Stowell, S. D. & H. C. Coppel. 1990. Mass rearing of the gypsy moth pupal parasitoids Brachymeria lasus and Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) for small-scale laboratory studies. The Great Lakes Ent. 23(1): 5-8.

Swezey, S. L. & D. L. Dahlsten. 1983. Effects of remedial application of lindane on emergence of natural enemies of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicornis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Ent. 12: 210-14.

Syme, P. D. 1971. Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), European pine shoot moth (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Comm. Inst. Biol. Control Tech. Comm. 4: 194-205.

Syme, P. D. 1977. Observations on the longevity and fecundity of Orgilus obscurator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the effects of certain foods on longevity. Canad. Ent. 109: 995-1000.

Syme, P. D. 1981. Chapter 66. Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), European pine shoot moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), p. 387-94. In: J. S. Kelleher & M. A. Hulme (eds.), Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1969-1980. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, London, England. 410 p.

Szmidt, A. 1959. The use of Dahlbominus fuscipennis Zett. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) against sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Poznan. Tow. Przyj. Nauk 1: 1-57. [in Polish].

Talalajev, E. V. 1961. Bacterial control of Dendrolimus sibiricus. Zastch. Rast. (Moscow) 6: 20-2. [in Russian].

Tallamy, D. W. 1983. Equilibrium biogeography and its application to insect host-parasite systems. Amer. Nat. 121: 244-54.

Taylor, K. L. 1967. The introduction, culture and recovery of parasites of Sirex noctilio in Tasmania, 1962-1967. Commonw. Sci. Ind. Res. Organ. Div. Ent. Tech. Pap. 8: 19 p.

Taylor, K. L. 1976. The introduction and establishment of insect parasitoids to control Sirex noctilio in Australia. Entomophaga 21: 429-40.

Taylor, K. L. 1981. Chapter 12. The Sirex woodwasp: ecology and control of an introduced forest insect, p. 231-48. In: R. L. Kitching & R. E. Jones (eds.), The Ecology of Pests: Some Australian Case Histories. CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia. 254 p.

Telford, A. D. 1961. Lodgepole needle miner parasites: biological control and insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 54: 347-55.

Thompson, H. E. 1962. Effect of delayed spraying on cankerworm control. J. Econ. Ent. 55: 558-59.

Tooke, F. G. C. 1955. The eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyll., a study of its ecology and control by biological means. Ent. Mem. Dep. Agr. S. Afr. 3. 282 p.

Torgersen, T. R. & H. C. Coppel. 1962. The bionomics of the European pine shoot moth in Wisconsin-- a progress report. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes No. 82. 3 p.

Torgersen, T. R. & H. C. Coppel. 1965. The European pine shoot moth in Wisconsin. For. Pest Leaf. 3 p.

Torgersen, T. R. & H. C. Coppel. 1965. The insect parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Wisconsin with keys to the adults and mature larval remains. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 54: 93-123.

Torgersen, T. R. & H. C. Coppel. 1969. Parasites of Rhyacionia buoliana and their occurrence at different crown levels of red pine in Wisconsin. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 62: 163-9.

Torgersen, T. R. & H. C. Coppel. 1975. European pine shoot moth. Wis. Conserva. Bull. 40. 1 p.

True, R. P., H. L. Barnett, C. K. Dorsey & J. G. Leach. 1960. Oak wilt in West Virginia. W. Va. Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 448T. 119 p.

Turner, K. B. 1952. The relation of mortality of balsam fir caused by the spruce budworm to forest composition into the Algoma forest of Ontario. Canad. Dept. Agr. Publ. 875.

Turnock, W. J. 1972. Geographical and historical variability in population patterns and life systems of the larch sawfly. Canad. Ent. 104: 1883-1900.

Turnock, W. J. & J. A. Muldrew. 1971a. Chapter 45. Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), larch sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), p. 175-94. In: Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada. 1959-1968. Commonwealth Inst. of Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. No. 4. 266 p.

Turnock, W. J. & J. A. Muldrew. 1971b. Parasites. U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest. Serv. Res. Pap. NE-194. p. 59-87.

Turnock, W. J. & J. A. Muldrew. 1971c. Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), larch sawfly. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 4: 113-27.

Turnock, W. J., K. L. Taylor, D. Schroder & D. L. Dahlsten. 1976. Biological control of pests of coniferous forests, p. 289-311. In: C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, New York. 788 p.

Tyler, G. M. & H. C. Coppel. 1963. Preliminary notes on the biology of Neodiprion abbotti (Leach) in Wisconsin. Proc. North Cent. Br. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 63.

Valek, D. A. & H. C. Coppel. 1970. Preliminary studies on an oak-defoliating grasshopper in Wisconsin. Univ. Wis. For. Res. Notes 149. 3 p.

Valek, D. A. & H. C. Coppel. 1972a. Ovipositional site preferences of the oak defoliating grasshopper, Dendrotettix quercus in Wisconsin. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 60: 225-30.

Valek, D. A. & H. C. Coppel. 1972b. Bionomics of an oak defoliating grasshopper, Dendrotettix quercus, in Wisconsin. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65: 310-19.

Van den Bosch, R. & A. D. Telford. 1964. Environmental modification and biological control, p. 459-88. In: P. DeBach (ed.), Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, England. 844 p.

Varley, A. C. & G. R. Gradwell. 1968. Population models for the winter moth. Symp. Royal Ent. Soc. London 4: 132-42.

Versol, P. L. & W. G. Yendol. 1982. Discrimination by the parasite, Apanteles melanoscelus, between healthy and virus-infected gypsy moth larvae. Environ. Ent. 11: 42-45.

Vinson, S. B. 1984. How parasitoids locate their hosts: A case of insect espionage, p. 325-48. In: T. Lewis (ed.), Insect Communication. Academic Press, London, England. 414 p.

Vité, J. P. 1971. Silviculture and the management of bark beetle pests. Proc. Tall Timbers Conf. Ecol. Anim. Contr. Habitat Managem. 3: 155-68.

Warren, L. O. & M. Tadi…. 1970. The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury). Ark. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 759. 106 p.

Webb, F. E. & R. E. Denton. 1967. Larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), p. 85-8. In: A. G. Davidson & R. M. Prentice (eds.), Important Forest Insects and Diseases of Mutual Concern in Canada, the United States & Mexico. Canad. Dept. Forest. & Rural Develop., Ottawa.

Webb, F. E., & F. W. Quednau. 1971. Chapter 38. Coleophora laricella (Hübner), larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), p. 131-36. In: Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1959-1968. CAB, Commonwealth Inst. of Biol. Control, Tech. Comm. No. 4. 266 p.

Weiser, J. 1963. Sporozoan infections, p. 291-334. In: E. A. Steinhaus (ed.), Insect Pathology: An Advanced Treatise. Academic Press, New York.

Weiser, J. & J. Veber. 1957. Die Mikrosporidie Thelohania hyphantriae Weiser des weissen Bärenspinners und anderer Mitglieder seiner Biozönose. Z. angew. Ent. 40: 55-70.

Wellenstein, G. 1954. What can we expect from the red wood ant in forest protection. beitr. Ent. 4: 117-38. [in German].

Weseloh. R. & J. Anderson. 1975. Inundative release of Apanteles melanoscelus against the gypsy moth. Environ. Ent. 4: 33-36.

Weseloh, R. M., T. G. Andreadis, R. E. B. Moore, J. F. Anderson, N. R. Dubois & F. B. Lewis. 1983. Field confirmation of a mechanism causing synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis and the gypsy moth parasitoid, Apanteles melanoscelus. J. Invert. Path. 41: 99-103.

Wilkes, A., H. C. Coppel & W. G. Mathers. 1948. Notes on the insect parasites of the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) in British Columbia. Canad. Ent. 80: 138-55.

Wilkinson, R. C., A. H. Chappelka III, M. E. Kraemer, H. C. Coppel & F. Matsumura. 1982. Field responses of redheaded pine sawfly males to a synthetic pheromone and virgin females in Florida. J. Chem. Ecol. 8(2): 471-75.

Wilkinson, R. C., A. H. Chappelka III, M. E. Kraemer, H. C. Coppel & F. Matsumura. 1987. Effect of height on responses of redheaded pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) males to synthetic pheromone and virgin females. Environ. Ent. 16: 1152-6.

Williamson, D. L. & J. P. Vité. 1971. Impact of insecticidal control on the southern pine beetle population in east Texas. J. Econ. Ent. 64: 1440-44.

Williamson, R. L. & F. E. Prince. 1971. Initial thinning effects in 70 to 150 year old Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington. U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest. Serv. Res. Pap. PNW-117: 15.

Wilson, F. 1960. A review of the biological control of insects and weeds in Australia and Australian New Guinea. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 1: 102 p.

Wise, K. A. J. 1953. Host plants of Lithocolletis messaniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in New Zealand. N. Z. J. Sci. Tech. A35: 172-74.

Wolcott, G. N. 1953. Biological control of the pustule scale in Puerto Rico. Univ. Puerto Rico J. Agr. 37: 228-33.

Wolcott, G. N. 1960. Efficiency of lady beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) in insect control. Univ. Puerto Rico J. Agr. 44: 166-72.

Wollam, J. D. & W. G. Yendol. 1976. Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis and a parasitoid for suppression of the gypsy moth. J. Econ. Ent. 69: 113-18.

Wong, H. R. 1974. The identification and origin of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in North America. Canad. Ent. 106: 1121-31.

Wygant, N. D. & A. L. Nelson. 1949. Four billion feed of beetle-killed spruce, p. 417-22. In: A. Stefferud (ed.), Trees. U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearb. Agric., Wash., D.C.

Wylie, H. G. 1960. Insect parasites of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), in western Europe. Entomophaga 5: 111-29.

Yendol, W. G., R. A. Hamlen & F. B. Lewis. 1973. Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis for gypsy moth suppression. J. Econ. Ent. 66: 183-86.

Ying, Sze-ling. 1970. Application of Isaria sp., cytoplasmic polyhedrosis and Bacillus thuringiensis against the pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus Walker (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). Quart. J. Chinese Forest. 4: 51-67.

Zondag, R. 1959. Progress report on the establishment in New Zealand of Ibalia leucospoides (Hochenw.) a parasite of Sirex noctilio (F.). New Zealand For. Res. Notes 20.

Zondag, R. 1969. A nematode infection of Sirex noctilio (F.) in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Sci. 12: 732-47.

Zwölfer, H. 1971. The structure and effect of parasite complexes attacking phytophagous host insects, p. 405-18. In: P. J. den Boer & G. R.

Gradwell (eds.), Dynamics of Populations. Centre Agr. Publ. Doc., Wageningen.